It
seems that simple child’s play discovered the vast caverns of
Tennessee. Ben Sands, a 13-year-old boy that was playing in the cave in
1905, stumbled upon an opening and crawled through. What he discovered
was a room that was so large, he was unable to see how far it stretched,
so he threw mudballs to determine the size of the area.
What
he discovered was a room that was so large, he was unable to see how
far it stretched, so he threw mudballs to determine the size of the
area.
The people back home didn’t believe his “childish story,” so
he convinced his father to explore the cave together, but the water had
risen, rendering the opening impassable. Entrance to Craighead “Lost Sea” Caverns. Located
between Sweetwater and Madisonville, Tennessee, the Craighead Caverns
are famous for The Lost Sea.
The
cave is adorned with a waterfall and anthodites (crystal clusters that
are known as “cave flowers”) and various stalactites and stalagmites.
The caverns were named after a Cherokee Native American chief. Located
in the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains, they were used as a place
of gathering by the Cherokee, since many Native American artifacts,
jewelry, pottery, and weapons were found.
The caverns were named
after a Cherokee Native American chief. Located in the foothills of the
Great Smoky Mountains, they were used as a place of gathering by the
Cherokee, since many Native American artifacts, jewelry, pottery, and
weapons were found. The Smoky Mountains viewed from atop Mount Le Conte.Later,
it had been used as a Confederate mine for saltpeter, a resource
necessary for making gunpowder. Sources report an intriguing story about
a Union soldier who was assigned to sabotage the Confederate mining
operation. He was caught and killed near the gum tree at the entrance of
the cave.
Sources report an intriguing story about a Union
soldier who was assigned to sabotage the Confederate mining operation.
He was caught and killed near the gum tree at the entrance of the cave. Crystal formation in the caverns. During
the 1800's, the cave was used for food storage as well, because of the
convenient underground temperature of 14 degrees Celsius. Moonshiners
also took advantage of the caverns for clandestine operations of making
alcoholic beverages, and one of the large areas was even used for
cockfights and as a dance hall in 1915.
Moonshiners also took
advantage of the caverns for clandestine operations of making alcoholic
beverages, and one of the large areas was even used for cockfights and
as a dance hall in 1915.
The bony remains of a Pleistocene jaguar
(a feline from a geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to
11,700 years ago) were found in 1939, by a group of explorers named Jack
Kyker and Clarence Hicks. Their find was reported to Dr. W. J. Cameron
and W. E. Michael, the then current owners of the cave, and the
discovery was quickly submitted to the American Museum of Natural
History in New York City.
Their find was reported to Dr. W. J.
Cameron and W. E. Michael, the then current owners of the cave, and the
discovery was quickly submitted to the American Museum of Natural
History in New York City.
A famous paleontologist, G. G. Simpson,
visited the Craighead Caverns in May 1940, and he recovered additional
jaguar bones and made casts of several jaguar footprints on the mud
floor of the cave. His excavation and findings are reported in American
Museum Novitates and the report contains photographs of the bones and
footprints.
His excavation and findings are reported in American
Museum Novitates and the report contains photographs of the bones and
footprints. The American paleontologist G. G. Simpson. The
visible surface of the lake measures 800 feet (240 m) long and 220 feet
(67 m) wide. It is 4.5 acres at normal “full” capacity, but not even
modern technology is capable of precisely assessing the vast reaches of
the lake. An exploration that was conducted in the 1970s where cave
divers were assigned to explore many rooms that were filled with water,
without reaching the end of the cave.
An exploration that was
conducted in the 1970s where cave divers were assigned to explore many
rooms that were filled with water, without reaching the end of the cave.
More
than 13 acres of water have been mapped so far, but the lake’s size
still hasn’t been determined. Beneath the calm waters of the
four-and-a-half acre lake, divers have discovered an even larger series
of rooms completely filled with water. More than 13 acres of water have
been mapped so far and still no end to the lake has been found. One
diver ventured into the rooms, equipped with a sonar device to measure
out the area, but has only found more water.
More than 13 acres of
water have been mapped so far and still no end to the lake has been
found. One diver ventured into the rooms, equipped with a sonar device
to measure out the area, but has only found more water.
Tours are
available for this national landmark, as many eager tourists line up;
they begin with a ¾ mile round-trip walk on a sloping path walk through
the caverns.
The tour guides talk about the caves’ colorful
history and geological formations. At the bottom of the cave, there are
glass-bottomed boat rides where tourists explore the lake.
Daily tours last about an hour and fifteen minutes. The visitor’s center – Craighead Caverns. Photo CreditCraighead Caverns was added to the National Park Service list of National Natural Landmarks in 1974 and it is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records
as America’s largest underground lake. The wonder is still heavily
visited today and the unexplored deeps remain a challenge
for adventurers.
Life doesn't end when you're over your
20's! Ok, nobody makes that point, but if they did, you could easily
tell them that 30's are even better! Need visual proof? We've got them.
Lifehack
has come up with 8 scenarios where 30's beat 20's by a long shot. From
figuring out your individual style to understanding what friendships and
relationships are all about. Even if you're in this position right now
and feel a bit lost, don't worry and don't push yourself too much,
because there aren't many things that time couldn't fix.
Now get down there and vote for the ultimate truth of how 30's kicks 20's butt!
Ford has become for the most part rave surveys for its Focus ST hot
trapdoor. Only a look at the motor specs is sufficient to get energized.
The turbocharged direct-infusion 2.0-liter EcoBoost motor hits a
greatest 252 hp and 270 lb-ft of torque.
This force remainder is sufficient to control the Focus ST from 0-60 in 6.6 seconds, as indicated by tests byEdmunds.
Of course, the Mustang might have the capacity to go up against it
the open street, yet when there’s a tight parking space around the local
area the ST has its number.
11. Scion FR-S ($25,470)
Loved by drivers who love performance that doesn’t burn up all
available resources, the Scion FR-S flaunts what Toyota’s execution
division bests.
The FR-S (and Subaru BRZ, its mirror picture) are outfitted with
2.0-liter motors fit for 200 hp. With the manual transmission, Edmunds
took the FR-s from 0-60 in 6.5 seconds, putting it neck-and-neck with
the Focus ST.
10. Infiniti Q50 ($37,150)
Refined in appearance but pretty darn quick, the Infiniti Q50
possesses all the necessary qualities for auto significant others of
various stripes.
Speed-wise, the Q50 gets its power from the 3.7-liter V6 in the
engine. Equipped with 328 hp and 269 lb-ft of torque, that was enough to
hustle from 0-60 in 5.5 seconds – superior to the Mustang V6 in Edmunds
testing, and looking terribly lovely while doing it.
9. Dodge Charger R/T ($30,695)
Could a muscle auto have four doors? Avoid says it’s conceivable and
presents the Charger R/T for instance of how it functions. The 2015
model has a somewhat less forceful appearance than the active Charger,
yet there is no duping in the force division.
Chargers in the R/T trim house the 5.7-liter Hemi motor that packs a
clobber. How quick can 370 hp and 395 lb-ft of torque take this Charger?
Edmunds got from 0-60 in 5.4 seconds in back wheel-drive models.
8. Hyundai Genesis R-Spec ($29,350)
When David Mamet utilized Hyundais as a state of mockery in Glengarry
Glen Ross (1982), he wasn’t alluding to the Genesis R-Spec. This hot
roadster damages with its 3.8-liter V6 motor, equipped with 348 hp.
That powertrain sent the R-Spec from 0-60 in 5.3 seconds in Edmunds
testing. With that sort of execution, it is sufficient to give the Alec
Baldwin character a keep running for his cash in the BMW he headed to
criticize the poor sales representatives in the film.
7. Nissan 370Z ($29,990)
Sporting a 3.7-liter V6 like its corporate kin the Infiniti Q50, the
Nissan 370Z shows signs of improvement yield. Truth be told, it crests
at 332 hp, which empowers the 370Z to go from 0-60 in 5.1 seconds, as
indicated by Edmunds analyzers.
Approaching the five second mark for this sprint is an accomplishment
for any ride, however the Nissan 370Z is completing it at a base cost
underneath $30,000.
6. Subaru Impreza WRX STI ($26,295)
One of the most undercover speed demons available, the Subaru Impreza
WRX STI Subaru conveys excellent velocity for a strict spending plan.
Top execution numbers stand at 305 hp and 290 lb-ft of torque.
Edmunds analyzers utilized that power to sprint 0-60 in only 5.1
seconds.
Pending the result of testing on new models in 2015, that may put the
WRX STI in the main five under $40K. Here’s the rub: its MSRP is
underneath $27K.
5. Volkswagen Golf R (est. $34,000)
It may not be available with a cost at press time, yet the feisty
2015 VW Golf R is going to make roughage under $40K. It dons a
turbocharged 16-valve inline-four equipped for 290 hp and 280 lb-ft of
torque.
Auto and Driver took it 0ut for testing and assessed the 0-60 mph
keep running somewhere around 5.0 and 5.3 seconds (quarter-mile
somewhere around 13.7 and 13.9 seconds) with a top pace of 130 mph.
4. Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution GSR ($34,995)
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evo GSR speeds dissimilar to any four-entryway
car in this value range. It houses a four-barrel turbo motor fit for 291
hp and 300 lb-ft of torque.
That framework was fit for flying 0-60 in 4.9 seconds amid tests keep
running by Edmunds drivers. There is a reason this auto is so famous on
the secondary selling. It’s a beast in sedan clothing.
3. Chevy Camaro SS ($33,355)
The American muscle auto revival is real. Truth be told, the Detroit
automakers (Italian-possessed or not) are bringing every single new
model of their fanciful muscle auto set to advertise for the 2015 model
year.
Chevy’s Camaro SS is a standout amongst the most touchy models in the
sub-$40K value range. It packs a deafening 6.2-liter V8 equipped for
426 hp and 420 lb-ft of torque.
Edmunds analyzers ran the 2014 Camaro 0-60 in 4.8 seconds. This test
is liable to audit on roadways all over the area. The SS is unrealistic
to lose two races consecutively.
2. Ford Mustang GT ($32,025)
The redesigned 2015 Ford Mustang made its presentation at function
occasions the world over in December 2014, yet the active model is an
expert.
Truth be told, the 2014 Mustang GT available stays one of the quickest (if not the speediest) on special beneath $40K.
Donning the 5.0-liter V8, the GT is fit for 420 hp that conveys
immaculate thrill. Tests by Edmunds sent the Mustang V8 0-60 mph in 4.7
seconds. Until further notice, this quickening (dollar for dollar) has
no equivalent.
1. 2015 Dodge Challenger With Scat Pack Shaker ($39,490)
Dodge’s way to deal with its muscle auto lineup for 2015 gives off an
impression of being “more grounded, quicker, all the more forcing.”
This objective took the unimaginably solid Challenger to a much higher
yield, assessed at 485 hp and 475 lb-ft of torque from the 6.4-liter V8
with 392 Hemi Scat Pack Shaker alternatives.
That update will make the cost of the 2015 model-year brute go up,
yet it will stay reasonable with its MSRP still south of $40K.
Obviously, the upgrade in force seems to have the objective of knocking
off the 0-60 times of some of Dodge’s top rivals in the muscle auto
field.
The automaker trusts this Challenger with vintage Scat Pack Shaker
will run 0-60 in 4.5 seconds. No more to muscle past the GT and SS, on
the off chance that all works out as expected.
The Beetle is a 2-door, rear-engine economy car produced from 1938 to
2003. Nazi Germany leader Adolf Hitler was the first to realize the
need for a simple, affordable and functional car to be mass produced in
the country.
Some Beetles were built in the 1930’s, but World War II hindered any
major production until 1946. After the war, European economies were in
tight spots so the Beetle immediately became a success, with the huge
demand helping to breathe new life to German manufacturing.
Soon the Beetle also became a hit in America, where it was extremely
popular among hippies during the 1960s and 70s. Commonly called the
“Bug”, it created a subculture – people build, collect, restore and
modify the iconic car to this day.
MERCEDES-BENZ 300 SL Coupe/Gullwing 1954–1957
The Mercedes-Benz 300 SL was the fastest production car of its day
and the first iteration of the SL-Class GT. It was unveiled in 1954 as a
two-seat coupé with gullwing doors.
A roadster version became available in 1957. Built by Daimler-Benz
AG, the 300 SL was the first commercially available car to come with
fuel-injection. It was based on Mercedes’ carbureted overhead cam
straight 6 1952 racer, the W194.
Today, the 300 SL is one of the most sought after Mercedes-Benz cars
by avid collectors. It is valued between $1 million and $2.5 million. VOLKSWAGEN Type 2 (Microbus) 1950-Present
The Type 2 is a forward control panel van launched in 1950 by
Volkswagen and the marque’s second car design, after the legendary
Beetle. It is also known as the Microbus, Transporter or Kombi depending
on the body style. The Type 2 is often used as a camper and many models
have a pop-up bed that emerges from the roof.
This unique vehicle became an instant favorite among travelers,
particularly the hippies in the U.S. By the 1960s they had adopted the
VW Type 2 as their official vehicle and called it the “hippie bus”.
BMW 328 1936–1940
The BMW 328 is a classic sports car produced between 1936 and 1940.
Designed by Peter Szymanowski and Fritz Fiedler, the car was presented
in 1936 at the Eifelrennen race at the Nürburgring. It was powered by
a straight-6 OHV engine mated to a four-speed transmission.
The BMW 328 won hundreds of races, including winning in its class at
the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1938. Sadly, after World War II, the facility
in Eisenach, where the BMW 328 was built, fell to the hands of
communist Russia.
All vehicle production adhered to state-direction until the unification of Germany in 1989.
AUDI A4 1994-Present
The Audi A4 is a line of entry-level luxury cars manufactured by the
German Volkswagen subsidiary. Audi had been struggling since the 1980s
and it is actually the A4 that came to the rescue. The car was
originally offered as a sedan or wagon, but later production included a
convertible.
The A4 not only revived Audi, it also spawned unexpected competition
for other German cars (Mercedes and BMW) in the executive car market. It
also holds the distinction as the first model built by the VW Group to
feature the new 1.8 liter 20v engine, which is based on a design
intended for a super touring race car.
VOLKSWAGEN Golf 1974-Present
The Volkswagen Golf is a compact family car produced since 1974. It
has been marketed across the globe through seven generations and in
different body styles and under different nameplates – as the Volkswagen
Rabbit in Canada and the U.S., and as the Volkswagen Caribe in Mexico.
In contrast to the Beetle’s rear-engine, rear-wheel drive design, the
Golf features a front-engine, front-wheel drive set up that has become
the all-time best-selling model of Volkswagen.
It also holds the distinction as the the second best-selling car ever, with more than 30,000,000 units sold worldwide.
MERCEDES-BENZ SSK 1927–1932
Though Mercedes-Benz has produced many gorgeous German cars, none
were as important to the automotive industry as the SSK, or Super Sport
Kurz.
This roadster’s remarkable performance and multiple competitive
successes solidified its status as one of the most highly regarded cars
of its era.
Its supercharged straight 6 produced 200-300 mhps, which was
outmatched at the time. The SSK was the last Benz designed by Ferdinand
Porsche before he left to establish the Porsche Company.
MERCEDES BENZ 540K Roadster 1936-1940
The 540K was a roadster designed by Friedrich Geiger and presented at
the 1936 Paris Motor Show. The car is popularly purchased as a
four-seater coupé or a two-seater cabriolet.
It is also offered as a fully armored stretch limo! Power is
delivered by a straight-8 cylinder engine aspirated by twin pressurized
updraft carburetors.
A total of 115 hp is directed to the rear wheels via 4-speed or
optional 5-speed manual gearbox. The 540K became a favorite of the Nazi
party and a custom version with armor plating and extended chassis was
given as a gift by Adolf Hitler to Ante Pavelić, a fascist dictator who
led the Independent State of Croatia
PORSCHE 911 1963–Present
The 911 is a two-door, 2+2 sports car produced since 1963 by Porsche
AG of Stuttgart. Throughout its lifetime, the car has been heavily
modified for racing, rallying and other types of competition.
However, its design has only seen minor tweaks in more than 50 years of continuous production.
It is undoubtedly one of the best German cars ever made and has
become a legend in its own right. No wonder it ranked fifth on the
international Car of the Century poll.
AUDI R8 2007-2014
The Audi R8 was designed, developed and manufactured by Quattro GmbH –
the high performance private subsidiary of Audi AG. It is a mid-size,
two-seater sports car based on the Lamborghini Gallardo platform
and built on an Audi Space Frame, using an aluminium monocoque.
First presented as the Audi Le Mans Quattro Concept Car in 2003, it
features Audi’s trademark permanent Quattro All-Wheel Drive system.
Racing models hit the tracks in 2005 while road cars were introduced
in 2007. The R8 is also known as the first production car to feature
full-LED headlamps.
This version includes stovetop instructions, but you could easily
make a big batch in a slow cooker too. Just simmer milk + chocolate on
low until combined, switch to warm, then add wine. Recipe here.
